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Pathivugal ISSN 1481-2991

:.. Editor: V.N.Giritharan

 2004  57 - 

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          .      .   .  ngiri2704@rogers.com
   .
    .     .      . .      .

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  ! ''    .   . '    .         .       tscu_inaimathi, Inaimathi, Inaimathitsc    tsc    editor@pathivukal.com   .          .  '         .          . ''   .           .       ,        . ''                        .

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*   !* *[Energy from The Ocean Waves, Tides & Thermal Power]* *. * *B.E.(Hons) P.Eng (Nuclear), *   ,       !    ! :     [Milkyway Galaxy]       ,  ,  ,         !        ,            !      23    ,   , 250         [Heat Equivalent of Buring 250 Billion Barrels of Oil]   !         ,   ,            !     ,      20 C   ,          !     [Tidal Energy]           ! ..787   , ,   "   " [Tidal Flour Mills]     !     [High Tide]           [Ponds],    [Low Tide]    ,    [Water Wheels]  !         !           ,       ! *     *       [Renewable Ocean Energy],    [Potential Estimation]  10  MW    !      [Tidal Energy]    3  MW      !   60,000 MW [2% Tidal Energy]       !    240 MW    " "    [La Rance River Tidal Power Plant]  1966   300,000      !        [Bay of Fundy] 25-30       [High Tide]      (800-14,000) MW   ! 1980  20 MW        [Annapolis River Tidal Generating Station, Nova Scotia]   4500    30  Kwh   !      20 MW   ,    [Tidal Power Turbine]    [2004]  !        , ,   ,  ,  ,   [Geothermal]     !         ,      !   ,      .  ,    ,      " " [Heat Exchanger] ,    [Low Boiling liquid]   ,    .          ,   [High Tides, Low Tides]     ,    .         ,  . "   " [Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)] ,           [Alternate Energy Source] .             "" [Desalination]   ,      .  OTEC         ,      ,      ! *     *     [Tropical Seas]    1881   ,        [Jacques Arsene d'Arsonval].            1920    ,     [Georges Claude].  1926  OTEC   1930    "  ",      [Open Cycle OTEC System]   22 KWe  ! 1935        , 10,000   [Cargo Vessel]   . 1956         3 MWe [Megawatt Electrical]   ,     .         [Hydroelectric Station]  ,   ! 1974     [Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii (NELHA)] , 1979   50 KWe  [Mini-OTEC]    . 1980     [Dept of Energy] OTEC-1        .    ,    OTEC-1     . 1981     100 KWe      . 1997     ,       ,    1 MW OTEC   , 2000       .   ,  25 MW, 50 MW OTEC     . *    *    ,          !     ,  !  ,      ,    .         .         .      [High & Low Tides]   ,     .  ,     ,    .     ,     .      [Tidal Energy]       "" [Barrage]     .      ,     !      ,     !  ,     .         [High Tide]    .      ,     !    ,               ,    !  240 MWe [Mega Watt Electrical]      " "     1966    !   :    [760 ]!   : 45  [13.4 ]!     300,000     !       ,   ,       .     ,               . :     [Tapered Channel] "    " [Fixed Oscillating Water Column Devices (OWC)].  :   "     [Floating Oscillating Water Column Devices (OWC)]    ,      .         .     ,          !      ,      ,      .  ,    ,   ,   [Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)].      .  :    [Closed-Cycle Plants (OTEC)].        [Heat Exchanger]      ,  ,  .         [Turbine Rotors] ,      ,   .  :      [Open-Cycle Plants (OTEC)]         [Boiling at Low Pressure]  ,             .  :   [Hybrid Plants (OTEC)].               .     ,  [Desalination]  .    ,       [Low Boiling Point fluids like Ammonia, Freon etc] .           ,   .            .          . *    *     OPTs [Ocean Power Technologies, New Jersey, USA]    , ,         . OPTs       ,        .  100 MW       3-4  [3-4 Cents/Kwh]  1 MW       7-10 /kwh    .    , ,     .  OPTs      :      .   40     . 100 MW        ,   2  !   OPTs      ,      ! ,    OPTs    .   [Solar Energy]   !         !    [Wind Farms]      !    [Offshore Location, Ocean Water Column (OWC) Equipment]     [Circular Cylinder] .         .    .      ,    ,   .    ,    .         !  ,   ,          .   6800   21,000     !        ,         ! *    *  1993           [National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT)] .     [Dept of Ocean Technology (DOD)]      [Indian Institute of Technology, Madras]     .  ,           . 1990  150 Kw        ,      [Wave Energy Plant at Vizhinjam, Kerala]   ,      .       " " [Oscillating Water Column (OWC)]     . 1990   " " [Caisson]  ,    .       [Two Power Generation Modules]  . "  "    ?           .       .       .     ,    [Piston]       ,    . 1997  ,     [Impulse Turbine]    .     [Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)]      .        [(25-30)  C]           . OTEC      ,    15  C   .        100 MW   ,  Kwh    2.9  [7 yen/Kwh (6 US cents/Kwh)]    .          . 1981          [Dr. Michael Kalina]     " " [Kalina Cycle] -     [Working Fluid in Heat Exchanger]   .    ,      [Uehara]    [Uehara Cycle]  .     5% [Thermal Efficiency]  ,   1%-2%  6%-7% ! 1997     ,       ,    1 MW OTEC   , 2000      .   ,  25 MW, 50 MW OTEC     . *    *       , ,  !            !       !          !   ,    ,    !         , ,     !    [US Dept of Energy]    [Titanium]  ,   [Aluminium Alloy],   [Copper Alloy]    !     [Chlorination]   ,  [Biofouling & Corrosion]   [Heat Exchangers]      !    ,    [Replacement] !         [Retubing]  !      [Tidal Power Station] " " [Capacity Factor (20%-35%)]      !  " " [Efficiency 25%]  !      ,   [High, Low Tides]      !   ,     ,    [Water Gates]  .        ,  .     .     15   40   ,       !  " "  1997     ,      ,   ,        ! *:* 1. A Special Report on Energy By: The National Geographic Magazine [Feb 1981] 2. Ocean Tidal Technical, Frequently Asked Questions (www.poemsinc.org) [March 2003] 3. Harvesting Energy from Tides By: Stuard Baird M.Eng., M.A. 4. Tokyo Report on Ocean Wave Energy Conversion Projects [April 23, 1998] 5. Energy from the Ocean [Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)] 6. Report on Ocean Power Technologies, New Jersey, USA. 7. Development of Electric Power Plant from Ocean Wave Energy [www.kordi.re.kr/eng] 8. Ocean Thermal Energy, Dept of Ocean Mechanical Engineering, National Fisheries University, Japan. 9. National Institute of Ocean Development, The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) Tamil Nadu, India. jayabarat@tnt21.com [S. Jayabarathan]

  2000-2004 Pathivukal.COM \|\|Disclaimer\|.,